Aims The use of intrauterine devices (IUDs) has been one of the most effective, the safest and cost-effective methods for preventing pregnancy, for a long time. However, some complications have been reported for IUDs. The complications may be reduced by using a specific TECHNIQUE for placement of IUD. The objective of this study was to introduce the rotating withdrawal TECHNIQUE for the first time, which was investigated to reduce the complications of IUD insertion. Materials & Methods This historical cohort study was conducted on 1199 females who referred to Sarem Medical Center for IUD insertion from 1984 to 1995. After primary examinations, IUD was inserted by rotating withdrawal TECHNIQUE. The subjects were followed up for 2 years. Findings Displacement was observed just in 20 cases (1. 67%). All of them were seen in the first month after placement. For these cases, IUD insertion was done again. After the second replacement, displacement was observed in 4 cases (0. 035%) after one month. Therefore, it was recommended to them to use another preventive method. There was no pregnancy or displacement in the other cases during 2 years. Conclusion The rotating withdrawal TECHNIQUE can minimize the pregnancy rate when IUD is used. In addition to the type and quality of IUD, insertion method of IUD can increase its effectiveness.

In this paper, a new method for extending and relaxing the noise-coupling (NC) TECHNIQUE is proposed to enhance the noise-shaping order without adding the number of integrators. The noise-shaping order of the introduced ∑∆ modulator whit applying a second-order noise-coupling TECHNIQUE is enhanced and its performance with optimizing the noise transfer function (NTF) zeros is improved. Also, by removing the analog adder at feedforward path and transferring it to a new feedback branch before the last integrator and adding second-order NC path can be decreased the input voltage swing to the quantizer. Thus, by improving the modulator resolution, power consumption can be reduced. Mathematical analyses and behavioural simulation results confirm the effectiveness of the new NC method. To examine its performance, a 2nd-order single loop ΣΔ modulator was designed. The new noise-coupling method is used to achieve the three-order noise shaping to increase the resolution with low complexity and low-power. The results show an outstanding improvement in signal-to-noise and distortion ratio (SNDR) compared to the conventional structure.

This paper presents element-free GALERKIN (EFG) method as a computational TECHNIQUE that can effectively avoid the disadvantage of mesh entanglement. The present method is used to analyze the static defelection of beams. The moving least squares (MLS) approximation has been used for constructing the shape function based on a set of nodes arbitrarily distributed in the analysis domain.

This paper introduces a computational strategy to collaboratively develop the GALERKIN Finite Volume Method (GFVM) as one of the most straightforward and efficient explicit numerical methods to solve structural problems encountering material nonlinearity in a small limited area, while the remainder of the domain represents a linear elastic behavior. In this regard, the Element Free GALERKIN method (EFG), which is remarkably robust and accurate, but presumably more expensive, has locally been employed as a nonlinear sub-model to cover the shortcomings of the GFVM in the elastoplastic analysis. Since the formulations of these two methods are fundamentally different, the iterative zonal coupling has been accomplished using overlapping Multi-Grid (MG) patches with a non-matching interface and Iterative Global/Local (IGL) approach. The main property of such an algorithm is its non-intrusiveness, which means the complex nonlinear EFG solver is locally utilized over an elastic global GFVM without any geometric modification. This method is verified and investigated with available analytical and numerical solutions which gave quiet promising results showing the robustness and accuracy of the method. The Moving Least-Square approximation (MLS) has widely been applied on transfer level due to the non-conforming interface at the patch edges, and easily allows us to attach complex geometries with different mesh patterns. The new type of Quasi-Newtonian accelerator is adopted on the global material constitutive matrices and its convergence property and accuracy is compared with dynamic Aitken accelerators for two-dimensional problems in MATLAB. Finally, various accelerator types and mapping strategies are also concerned in the examination.

High gain Balun-low-noise-amplifier (LNA) is proposed for tuner of digital televisions (DTVs). The proposed Balun-LNA is based on CS-CG (common-source-common-gate) structure. To improve the isolasion and frequency response, Balun-LNA has cascode transistors before load resistors. Balun-LNA uses current-bleeding circuit to increasie transconductance of CS transistor, so that current-bleeding transistor has transconductance of N-1 times larger than transconductance of cascode transistor. Thereby, transconductance and current of CS transistor are increased N times, as N-1 times of current pass to current-bleeding transistor. Therefore current of CG and CS stages stay identical. Also, Balun-LNA employs a positive feedback to satisfy input impedance matching and CG transistor has higher transconductance. By increasing transconductance of CS and CG transistors, the proposed Balun-LNA achieves to high voltage gain. Accordingly, CG and CS tansistors have symmetrical currents and loads at the differential output of the proposed Balun-LNA. Symmetrical loads cause the balanced differential outputs. This proposed Balun-LNA is designed in 90-nm CMOS technology and covers the frequency range of 40 MHz to 1GHz. This Balun-LNA achieves the voltage gain of 22.6 dB, S11 of less than -10 dB and the Minimum NF of 5 dB. This Balun-LNA operates at the nominal supply voltage of 2.2v.